Innovative cement-based composites are recently strongly emerging technology. Nanotechnology is one of the potential alternatives to improve cement characteristics and to decrease the amount of cement used in various applications, which consequently reduces the energy required for cement production and carbon dioxide emission caused by cement industry. In this book, some approaches for improvement of cement were conducted. Incorporation of waste materials or small amounts of prepared inexpensive nanomaterials was considered in this study as a viable strategy for cement reinforcement. Iron slag as waste material and titanate nanofibers were introduced to cement paste separately or as a mixture to evaluate the mechanical, morphological and chemical properties of the solidified cement blend. The produced composite prepared from Portland cement, iron slag and small amounts of titanate nanofibers has subjected towards several mechanical, physical and chemical testing after drastic events; based on the elaborated results, the new composite formulation can be suggested as matrix both for safe immobilization of hazardous wastes and as a valuable material to be used in building industry.

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Adel Essa has awarded his MSc. from Menoufia University.Hosam Saleh is a Professor in Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt. Interested in economic and environment-friendly techniques for waste management.Said El.-Sheikh is the head of the Nanomaterials Department, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute. Interested in nanomaterials, wastewater treatment.