This book discusses different challenges imposed to the globe following the COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected humans¿ individual lives, communities, and the world. It has not only affected human¿s lives but also environmental and natural systems. To better appreciate the pandemic¿s influence, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches are needed. Also, lessons learned from facing the pandemic are reviewed to be used for combating the upcoming challenges in healthcare settings, mental and psychological health, education, natural resources, energy system, environment balance, economic stability, social relations, etc.

Professor Nima Rezaei gained his medical degree (MD) from Tehran University of Medical Sciences and subsequently obtained an M.Sc. in Molecular and Genetic Medicine and a Ph.D. in Clinical Immunology and Human Genetics from the University of Sheffield, UK. He also spent a short-term fellowship of Pediatric Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Newcastle General Hospital. He is now Full Professor of Immunology and Vice Dean of Research and Technologies, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and Co-founder and Head of the Research Center for Immunodeficiencies. He is also Founder of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). He is the editor, editorial assistant, or editorial board member of more than fifty international journals. He has edited more than one hundred international books, has presented more than a thousand lectures/posters in congresses/meetings, and has published more than 1,500 scientific papers in the international journals.