This book includes the papers presented in International Conference on Advanced Science and Engineering 2019 (ICOASE2019), which held in Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, on April 2-4, 2019. The conference is organized by both the University of Zakho and Duhok Polytechnic University. The conference, and consequently these proceedings, aimed to give more concrete expression to the natural sciences and engineering applications with a new multilateral scientific forum that emphasizes the vulnerability and proactive remediation from an Earth and Environmental point of view.This book covers a wide range of questions and gives advanced themes on current research focusing on emerging environmental issues and challenges in chemistry, biology, physics, and related areas in geoscience with their applications.

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Springer Verlag GmbH
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