Inhaltsangabe1. Introduction.- 1.1 Definitions and Constraints.- 1.2 Scope and Organization of the Material.- 1.3 Brief History of Space Research.- 2. Neutral Upper Atmosphere.- 2.1 State Parameters of Gases and their Gas Kinetic Interpretation.- 2.1.1 Definition and Derivation of Gas Kinetic Parameters.- 2.1.2 Macroscopic State Parameters.- 2.2 Height Profiles of the State Parameters.- 2.3 Barospheric Density Distribution.- 2.3.1 Aerostatic Equation.- 2.3.2 Pressure Gradient Force.- 2.3.3 Barometric Law.- 2.3.4 Heterospheric Density Distribution.- 2.3.5 Gas Kinetics of the Barometric Law.- 2.3.6 Transition from Homosphere to Heterosphere.- 2.3.7 Atomic Oxygen and Hydrogen.- 2.4 Exospheric Density Distribution.- 2.4.1 Exobase Height.- 2.4.2 Escape Velocity.- 2.4.3 Velocity Distribution in Gases.- 2.4.4 Escape Flux and Stability of the Atmosphere.- 2.4.5 Exospheric Density Distribution.- 3. Absorption of Solar Radiation Energy.- 3.1 Origin and Characteristics of Solar Radiation.- 3.1.1 Interior Structure of the Sun.- 3.1.2 Solar Atmosphere.- 3.1.3 Radiation Spectrum.- 3.1.4 Variation of the Radiation Intensity.- 3.2 Extinction of Solar Radiation in the Upper Atmosphere.- 3.2.1 Absorption Processes.- 3.2.2 Extinction of Radiation in Gases.- 3.2.3 Extinction of Radiation in the Upper Atmosphere.- 3.2.4 Energy Deposition from Radiation Absorption.- 3.3 Heating and Temperature Profile.- 3.3.1 Heat Production.- 3.3.2 Temperature Increase from Heating.- 3.3.3 Heat Losses by Radiative Coohng.- 3.3.4 Heat Losses by Molecular Heat Conduction.- 3.3.5 Heat Balance Equation and Temperature Profile.- 3.3.6 Estimate of the Thermopause Temperature.- 3.3.7 Temperature and Density Variations.- 3.3.8 Airglow.- 3.4 Thermospheric Winds.- 3.4.1 Diurnal Wind Circulation: Observations.- 3.4.2 Inventory of Relevant Forces.- 3.4.3 Momentum Balance Equation.- 3.4.4 Calculation of Thermospheric Winds.- 3.5 Atmospheric Waves.- 3.5.1 Wave Parameters.- 3.5.2 Acoustic Waves.- 3.5.3 Buoyancy Oscillations.- 3.5.4 Gravity Waves.- 4. Ionosphere.- 4.1 Height Profile of Ionospheric State Parameters.- 4.2 Ionization Production and Loss.- 4.2.1 Ionization Production.- 4.2.2 Ionization Losses.- 4.2.3 Chemical Composition.- 4.3 Density Profile in the Lower Ionosphere.- 4.3.1 Density Balance Equation.- 4.3.2 Density Profile in the E Region.- 4.3.3 Density Profile in the Lower F Region.- 4.4 Density Profile in the Upper Ionosphere.- 4.4.1 Barometric Density Distribution.- 4.4.2 Polarization Field.- 4.4.3 Transport Equilibrium.- 4.4.4 Production-Generated Downward Current.- 4.5 Density Maximum and Ionospheric Time Constants.- 4.5.1 Ionospheric Time Constants.- 4.5.2 Ionization Density Maximum.- 4.5.3 lonoexosphere.- 4.6 Systematic Variations of the Ionization Density.- 4.7 Radio waves in the Ionosphere.- 4.7.1 Plasma Oscillations.- 4.7.2 The Ionosphere as a Dielectric.- 4.7.3 The Ionosphere as a Conducting Reflector.- 4.7.4 Magnetic Field Influence.- 5. Magnetosphere.- 5.1 Fundamentals.- 5.2 The Geomagnetic Field Near the Earth.- 5.3 Charged Particle Motion in the Geomagnetic Field.- 5.3.1 Gyromotion.- 5.3.2 Oscillatory (Bounce) Motion.- 5.3.3 Drift Motion.- 5.3.4 Composite Charge Carrier Motion.- 5.3.5 Coulomb Collisions.- 5.4 Particle Populations in the Inner Magnetosphere.- 5.4.1 Radiation Belt.- 5.4.2 Ring Current.- 5.4.3 Plasmasphere.- 5.5 The Distant Geomagnetic Field.- 5.5.1 Configuration and Classification.- 5.5.2 Dayside Magnetopause Currents.- 5.5.3 Current System of the Geomagnetic Tail.- 5.6 Particle Populations in the Outer Magnetosphere.- 5.6.1 Magnetotail Plasma Sheet.- 5.6.2 Magnetotail Lobe Plasma.- 5.6.3 Magnetospheric Boundary Layer.- 5.7 Magnetoplasma Waves in the Magnetosphere.- 6. Interplanetary Medium.- 6.1 The Solar Wind.- 6.1.1 Properties of the Solar Wind at the Earth's Orbit.- 6.1.2 Gas Dynamic Model.- 6.1.3 Temperature Profile.- 6.1.4 Extended Gas Dynamic Models.- 6.1.5 Exospheric Model.- 6.1.6 Large-Scale Solar Wind Structure in the Ecliptic.- 6.1.7 Solar

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Neutral Upper Atmosphere.- Absorption of Solar Radiation Energy.- Ionosphere.- Magnetosphere.- Interplanetary Medium.- Absorption and Dissipation of Solar Wind Energy.- Geospheric Storms.- Formulas, Tables and Derivations.