ERNEST HEMINGWAY (1899–1961) was born in Illinois and began his career as a reporter before enlisting as an ambulance driver at the Italian front in World War I. Hemingway and his first (of four) wives lived in Paris in the 1920s, as part of the "Lost Generation" exapatriate community, before moving to Key West, Florida, and later to Cuba. Though he was known first for short stories, his literary reputation was sealed by his novels, including The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea.